Grapes like warm temperatures and have poor cold resistance, so many fruit farmers choose to use the greenhouse cultivation model, which not only breaks the restrictions on planting areas, but also solves many problems that arise during the planting process and meets people's consumption needs.

Temperature and humidity requirements and management points for greenhouse grapes

Grape dormancy temperature requirements

Bud eyes that are in a dormant state can only be released from dormancy after a certain period of low temperature. In winter, the low temperature is below 7.2°C for 1000-1500 hours, which takes about two months. If the temperature rises before dormancy is over, the bud eyes will not germinate easily, resulting in uneven germination and long germination time.

Raise the germination temperature

In the first week of warming, keep the temperature at 15-20℃ during the day and 5-10℃ at night; in the second week, keep it at 15-20℃ during the day and 10-15℃ at night; in the third week, keep it at 20-25℃ during the day and around 20℃ at night. It will germinate in about 20 days.

Note that the temperature should be gradually increased. If the temperature rises too high and too fast, it is easy to cause the buds to germinate. However, the ground temperature has not yet risen, and the root system activity (the root system begins to move around 12°C, and the growth of the root system becomes active at 15°C.) has not yet begun, and the supply of nutrients has not yet begun. Failure to do so, and lack of coordination between the ground and underground will result in irregular sprouting of bud eyes, poor inflorescence development, and other disadvantages. It is recommended that after watering the sprouts, cover them with mulch (or add a small shed) to increase the ground temperature.

Temperature from germination to flowering stage

The period from budding to flowering usually takes 40 to 45 days. In case of cold weather, the temperature in the shed rises slowly, and sometimes it can be extended to 55 to 60 days. Controlling the temperature during this period is extremely important for early fruit harvest. During this period, the new grape shoots grow rapidly and the flower organs continue to differentiate. To prevent the new shoots from growing too long, the daytime temperature is controlled at 20 to 25 degrees Celsius, and the night temperature is 15 to 20 degrees Celsius. Degree is good.

Before and after entering the flowering period, the daytime temperature is 25-28 degrees Celsius, and the night temperature is 18-22 degrees Celsius to meet the temperature requirements for flowering and fruit setting and ensure the smooth progress of the pollination and fertilization process. At 30℃, European and American hybrid varieties are basically unable to hold fruit, while European and Asian varieties are prone to flower and fruit drop.

Temperature during fruit expansion period

In order to promote the rapid expansion of young fruits, the temperature in the shed can be appropriately increased and controlled at 28 to 30 degrees Celsius during the day, and maintained at 18 to 22 degrees Celsius at night. Generally, it does not exceed 30 degrees Celsius during the day. Entering the berry ripening period, in order to increase the nutrient accumulation of the tree and increase the glucose content, the temperature difference between day and night can be increased. The temperature difference between day and night should be above 10 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the temperature is still controlled at 28 to 30 degrees Celsius during the day, with the highest temperature not exceeding 32 degrees Celsius, and the temperature gradually drops to 15 to 16 degrees Celsius or lower at night.

Moisture and humidity requirements for greenhouse grapes

1. The grape germination period requires a high-temperature and humid environment and requires a lot of water. The soil moisture content should reach 70%-80%. Therefore, when the temperature rises and germination begins, it is necessary to pour water once, and after the water seeps into the soil, loosen the soil deeply. About 10 cm, smooth it out, and then spread it with mulch, which can not only preserve moisture but also increase the ground temperature. At this time, the air humidity in the shed should be maintained at 70%-80%, so that the grapes will germinate quickly and neatly.

2. During the growth period of new shoots, in order to prevent the new shoots from growing too much and facilitate the differentiation of flower buds, it is necessary to control irrigation and pay attention to ventilation to reduce the relative humidity of the air in the shed to 60%-70%.

3. Before and after the flowering period, in order to ensure the normal progress of flowering powder and reduce the occurrence of diseases, the air is required to be dry. Therefore, there is no irrigation during the flowering period, and frequent ventilation is required to reduce the relative humidity of the air in the shed to 50%-60%.

4. The fruit needs a lot of water during the expansion period. In order to promote the rapid growth of the fruit, water can be poured twice within 25 days after the fruit is set to make the soil moisture content reach 70%-80%. In order to prevent the fruit from cracking, it is necessary to Make sure the soil holds water evenly and doesn't change too much. The relative humidity of the air in the shed is controlled at about 70%. From the beginning of the fruit coloring period until after the harvest period, irrigation should be stopped to increase the sugar content of the fruit, promote coloring and maturity, and prevent fruit cracking. The humidity in the shed should be controlled at about 60%.

5. After the plants have fallen leaves and been pruned, freeze water should be poured once to prevent freezing and soil drought in winter, so that the grape plants in the shed can survive the winter safely.

Grapes have high requirements for temperature and humidity control. The air temperature and humidity sensor can accurately monitor and record the temperature and humidity in the shed. The data can be viewed locally through the small electronic screen or LED display on the body, or remotely 24 hours a day through the mobile computer software, which greatly saves manual supervision time in the shed.

Grapes have high requirements for changes in temperature and humidity from germination to maturity, and the temperature-controlled motors in the greenhouse must operate frequently and flexibly. Using an intelligent control cabinet, you can remotely or automatically control the start and stop of roller shutter machines, film rollers, water pumps, sunshade nets and other equipment in the greenhouse. For large planting areas, the effect is even more significant. With just one click on the Ya Tun applet, the film rollers of dozens of greenhouses can be turned on at the same time. The labor savings can be imagined!

Fertilizer and water management

Three irrigations:

(1) Before covering with film: Fully water the greenhouse once before covering with film, that is, pour the film covering water; during the germination period, water the entire garden once in a timely manner, that is, fill with germination water;

(2) After germination: After the grapes sprout, water frequently with small amounts of water according to the soil moisture. Do not flood the grapes with heavy water;

(3) 10 days before flowering: At this time, add flowering water according to the soil moisture, but not too much. Too much water will cause flowers and fruits to drop.

Fertilize four times:

(1) Germination fertilizer: Apply germination fertilizer about 15 days before germination. The germination fertilizer is mainly quick-acting fertilizer, combined with a small amount of phosphate fertilizer;

(2) Extra-root top dressing: After the new shoots start to grow, perform extra-root top dressing according to the growth situation;

(3) Pre-flowering fertilizer: Apply fruit fertilizer about 10 days before flowering, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with appropriate addition of phosphorus fertilizer;

(4) Foliar spraying: During the flowering period, 1200 times Trikang Gold Boron Liquid or 0.1% to 0.3% borax solution is sprayed on the foliage to supplement boron fertilizer.

Pest and disease control

When the grapes are taken off the shelves, fallen leaves and remaining branches are thoroughly cleaned and burned together. During the growth period, remove auxiliary shoots and tendrils in time to improve ventilation and light transmission conditions. Spray Baume 3-5 degree lime sulfur mixture after emergence and before germination to eliminate residual pathogens on branches and vines. Spray 50% carbendazim 600 times solution before flowering to prevent gray mold. If downy mildew and powdery mildew occur, use separate treatments. Use Bo, Nei, Xingke and other chemicals for prevention and control.