Analysis of Drip Irrigation Design in Farmland Water Conservancy

1. The Drawbacks and Misconceptions in Current Farmland Water Conservancy

Farmland water conservancy plays a crucial role in modern agricultural production, yet there are several drawbacks and misconceptions in its development in China today. First, the current irrigation techniques are still at a rudimentary level, insufficient to meet the growing agricultural demands. Despite technological advancements, issues such as competition for water along irrigation channels, incomplete coverage of irrigation areas, pipe leaks, water pollution, and wastage frequently occur, significantly affecting agricultural productivity. Second, the aging and lack of maintenance of existing irrigation systems require substantial annual investments in manpower, materials, and financial resources for repairs, while government funding cannot support long-term expenditures. This leads to a vicious cycle of severe system degradation and neglect. To address these drawbacks and misconceptions, there should be increased investment in technology and accelerated innovation to resolve existing issues in irrigation systems and elevate the level of farmland water conservancy development. Furthermore, effective measures for maintenance and care should be implemented to prevent long-term negligence. Only through these efforts can healthy development of farmland water conservancy be ensured, better meeting the needs of agricultural production.

2. The Purpose and Significance of Drip Irrigation in Farmland Water Conservancy

Water irrigation is a critical component in agricultural production, and drip irrigation technology is particularly suited to the current needs of agricultural production. When designing irrigation projects, selecting scientifically sound drip irrigation technology and applying it to agricultural operations aims for optimal water allocation and efficient, high-yield production. Compared to traditional irrigation methods, drip irrigation is more water and energy-efficient, avoiding the waste issues common in conventional methods. It enables precise and measured irrigation, thereby improving water resource utilization and agricultural productivity. Additionally, the flexible and adjustable design and operation of the drip irrigation system allow unified management of irrigation and fertilization during different planting seasons of various crops, maintaining soil moisture, fertility, and pH balance. Hence, promoting and disseminating drip irrigation technology, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is essential for achieving higher quality and efficient agricultural production, meeting food safety demands, and laying a solid foundation for the modernization of agriculture in China.

3. Characteristics and Layout Forms of Drip Irrigation in Farmland Water Conservancy

In a drip irrigation system, the necessary piping is specially designed, with drippers embedded directly into the pipes. This design reduces damage to pipes and machinery, occupies less space, and allows flexible layout choices. The rationality of the piping arrangement in a drip irrigation system directly influences crop growth and yield, necessitating different drippers and layout methods for different crops. For example, densely planted crops like vegetables and melons require high humidity, so at least one or two drip lines should be laid along the planting rows, preferably on the surface for optimal results. Selection of drip irrigation system layout and dripper types should fully consider the water quality and actual needs of the crops, ensuring scientific and reasonable design and configuration of the system to maximize the advantages of drip irrigation, enhance water utilization efficiency, reduce production costs, and achieve sustainable agricultural development.

Specific Design and Management of Drip Irrigation in Farmland Water Conservancy

1. Design of Drip Irrigation Hub

The filtration structure in a drip irrigation system is key to its overall efficiency and safety in agricultural production. A scientific filtration system can remove impurities and soil particles, ensuring clean water for crops and preventing yield reduction due to water pollution. The design must ensure coordination and compatibility with other equipment, focusing on quality control and using durable materials for stable long-term operation. Regular inspections, maintenance, and upgrades of the filtration system are essential to maintain continuous functionality, fully leverage the advantages of drip irrigation, and promote sustainable agricultural production.

2. Design of Drip Irrigation Pumps

In farmland drip irrigation, pumps are the core components of the irrigation system. The design must consider practical conditions, including power, flow control, and head to ensure the pump meets agricultural needs efficiently. Accurate data based on the area, crop characteristics, and local climate should guide the optimization of pump design. Avoiding water hammer is also crucial; the system should be designed to sequence "outlet first, then pump" and "close water pipe before pump" to control flow speed and preemptively remove air, preventing premature aging of machinery and maintenance costs.

3. Design of Drip Irrigation Watercourses

The watercourses in a drip irrigation system not only transport water but also affect crop safety. The direction of watercourses should be scientifically planned and flexible modes based on regional farmland characteristics, emphasizing flow rate control and suitable material choices like polyethylene pipes for durability. To regulate pressure, standardized pressure reduction valves increase efficiency and conserve water.

4. Design of Drip Irrigation Networks

Irrigation network layout critically influences water distribution in farmland. Considerations include crop distribution, water needs, and protection from sunlight and environmental damage by burying pipes within one meter underground. Additional pressure valves should be flexibly installed based on needs to efficiently distribute water using appropriate layouts like polygonal or fishbone forms, particularly for irregular fields, ensuring controlled irrigation and enhanced productivity.

5. Effective Management of Drip Irrigation

Post-installation, drip irrigation systems require proper scientific management to ensure smooth operation, supporting normal crop growth and water conservation. Management strategies should be adjusted based on real-time farmland conditions, promoting water-saving practices. Adequate funding, high-quality personnel, and maintenance of consumable equipment are vital. Promoting large-scale irrigation systems and clear division of responsibilities ensure efficient, sustainable operation, achieving water-saving and high-yield agricultural objectives.